Eurasian Journal of Philology Science and Education
әл-Фараби атындағы Қазақ Ұлттық университеті
The article examines surrealist works written in contemporary Kazakh prose. The analyzed works demonstrate a striving for new modes of writing, an expansion of thematic range, psychological depth, linguistic and structural experimentation, and a tendency to present national values from a new aesthetic perspective. The objects of the study include the novella “Қыпшақ аруы” (“The Kipchak Maiden”) by Mukhtar Magauin, the work “Тұтқын” by Roza Mukanova, the short story “Қылбұрау” by Talaptan Akhmetzhanov, “Жазушы жазбасы” (“Writer’s Notes”) by Almaz Myrzakhmet, “Бөтен” (“The Stranger”) by Kolganat Murat, and the novel “Үлкен үйдегі үрей” (“Fear in the Big House”) by Saule Doszhan. The aim of the study is to identify works of a surrealistic nature in twenty-first-century Kazakh prose and to analyze the artistic function of dreams, visions, hallucinations, mystical, and irrational representations in these texts. In accordance with this aim, the objectives were to determine the main features of surrealist poetics, examine them comparatively within a set of specific works, and demonstrate their connection with the artistic explorations of contemporary Kazakh prose. The study determines the specifics of surrealist works, emphasizing the depiction of societal crises through the characters' dreams and visions, introducing a sense of anxiety and fear into the reader’s consciousness. Keywords: surrealism, dream, vision, surrealist layers, contemporary Kazakh prose.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eurasian Journal of Philology Science and Education
Lexical Features of the Kazakh Dialect in the Tashkent Region and Its Interaction with Uzbek
This article examines the lexical features of the spoken language of Kazakhs living in the Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan from the perspective of linguistic contact and sociolinguistic change. It discusses how the lexical layer of the Kazakh language in a diasporic environment has been shaped under the influence of historical, social, and cultural factors and has developed through interaction with the neighboring Uzbek language. The study analyzes dialectal lexical units characteristic of the Tashkent region related to everyday life, agriculture, social and administrative spheres, as well as urban and rural culture, describing their origins, semantic changes, and patterns of use. The linguistic material of the article is based on samples of spontaneous spoken language collected in the Tashkent area, as well as on dialectological data and recent domestic and international scholarly studies. Descriptive, comparative-dialectological, and sociolinguistic methods were widely employed in the analysis of linguistic units. The study identifies the place of loanwords, lexemes, calques, and mixed usages formed as a result of lexical and linguistic interaction with the Uzbek language within the dialectological system of Kazakh. The research findings demonstrate that the Kazakh language of the Tashkent region represents not only a dialectological system or a regional linguistic phenomenon, but also an important indicator of the preservation of ethnic identity and linguistic adaptation in a multilingual environment. Through the dialectology of the Kazakh language in the Tashkent region, the influence of social changes on language choice in everyday speech practices becomes clearly evident. The article aims to contribute to the comprehensive study of the Kazakh language as a diasporic dialect in the Tashkent region and to systematize the manifestations of Kazakh-Uzbek language contact at the lexical level. Keywords: Kazakh dialectology; Kazakhs of the Tashkent region; Kazakh-Uzbek language contact; linguistic interaction; dialectal lexis; diaspora language.
The Issue of Compiling the “Historical Dictionary of the Kazakh Language” Based on Written Monuments
To date, a comprehensive Historical Dictionary of the Kazakh Language has not yet been compiled, and the historical lexical corpus of the Kazakh language based on written monuments of the ancient, medieval, and modern Turkic periods has not been fully collected. Diachronic studies conducted by linguists contain abundant information and etymological analyses that reveal the development of the Kazakh language. However, this historical data has not been systematically organized or subjected to historical lexicographic analysis. It is well known that a Historical Dictionary can only be compiled by thoroughly collecting the historical lexicon from manuscripts and original texts and identifying semantic, phonetic, and morphological changes of each word. This article discusses the necessity of the Historical Dictionary and its significance in studying language development. First and foremost, it is necessary to select relevant sources, collect linguistic material, trace the semantic evolution of words across various written monuments, reflect phonetic and morphological shifts, and lexicographically systematize the entries. These tasks must be carried out in stages and based on historical data and linguistic analysis to ensure a high-quality dictionary. As early as the beginning of the 20th century, scholars emphasized that the Historical Dictionary reflects the national consciousness and ideology of an entire people. We cannot deny that such a dictionary contributes to the awakening of national identity. The main objective of the Historical Dictionary is to illustrate the diachronic development of the core historical vocabulary of the Kazakh language. It will comprehensively present lexemes from ancient periods that have been preserved in the modern language system, undergone semantic change, acquired new meanings, fallen out of use, or undergone stylistic transformations. Compiling such a dictionary with detailed linguistic-historical descriptions based on actual written monuments is one of the key objectives in contemporary Kazakh linguistics. Keywords: manuscript text, original text, historical dictionary, lexicographic research, etymological analysis.
Mytho-Folkloric Images and Motifs: their Transformation in Modern Literary Fairy Tales
The article is devoted to the scientific analysis of the nature of mytho-folklore images and motifs, as well as the study of their transformation processes in the genre of modern literary fairy tales. The object of the research is the genre-poetic structure of a folklore tale, its artistic functions and ways of representation in the author's interpretations. The focus is on the key features of the folklore tradition – fantasticism, the phenomenon of miraculous helpers, a system of stable motives, the functional specificity of images, cause-and-effect conditionality and a unique chronotopic model. All these elements in a literary fairy tale receive new content, being transformed and synthesized with individual author's narrative strategies. Such a synthesis contributes to the actualization of the structures of collective consciousness, manifested both in archetypal images and motifs, and in the perception of the modern reader. In addition, the article highlights the problem of typological classification of fairy tales according to age focus groups and defines their pragmatic orientation, aimed at both children and adults. The research material includes D. Akhmetuly’s works “Сайын хан”, “Хан ұлдары” (The Khan’s sons), “Текті ұры” (The Noble Thief), “Мұрагер” (The Heir), and “Әкеден қалған мұра” (The Father’s bequest). The research methodology is grounded in the continuity of scholarly tradition and encompasses both traditional and innovative approaches to literary analysis, such as content analysis, comparative-typological method, mythopoetic analysis, and psychoanalytic interpretation. The study found that mytho-folkloric images and motifs in the modern literary fairy tale function not only as traditional structural elements, but also as an artistic mechanism that generates new meaning in connection with the author’s worldview, genre transformation, and the specific features of reader reception. Keywords: myth, fairy tale, archetype, image, literary fairy tale, chronotope, unconscious.
Language Policy of Kazakhstan in the Digital Era: Transformation of the Language Planning Paradigm
The article examines the transformation of Kazakhstan's language policy under the influence of global digitalization. The authors analyze how the digital environment affects the status and role of language. At the center of the study is the concept of “digital linguistic sovereignty”, defined as a nation's ability to ensure the functional competitiveness of its language in the era of artificial intelligence and Big Data. The methodological framework of the study is based on an interdisciplinary approach that combines critical discourse analysis (CDA) of official documents and media texts, institutional analysis of technological projects (such as the National Corpus of the Kazakh Language, the Coursera platform in Kazakh, the translation of university textbooks, etc.), and the study of expert discourses in new media. The research findings demonstrate how the state regulates language planning amid accelerating technological progress, shifting from a "protective model" toward digital modernization. It is established that the creation of mass digital content in academic and technical fields enhances the intellectual prestige of the Kazakh language among the youth. The authors conclude that the country's digital language policy will yield positive results if it transitions from a strategy of mere content translation to the active promotion of research and development (R&D) in the state language. The practical significance of the work lies in the potential application of the proposed analytical framework to study linguistic processes in other multilingual societies undergoing digital transformation. Keywords: language policy of Kazakhstan, digitalization, sociolinguistic analysis, language changes, language preservation and promotion, expansion of state language functions.
Integrating Smart Assistants into Kazakh Language Learning: Impacts on Learner Engagement
The rapid advancement of digital technologies has significantly transformed contemporary educational practice, contributing to the emergence of smart education as a learner-centred and technology-enhanced model of instruction. This article examines the effectiveness of smart assistants in language learning, with particular emphasis on the development of listening, speaking, and pronunciation skills. The study employed a quasi-experimental mixed-methods design and involved undergraduate students divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group completed language-learning activities supported by smart assistants (including guided speaking practice and pronunciation training), whereas the control group followed traditional instructional methods. Quantitative data were collected through pre- and post-tests, while qualitative data were obtained via questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. This design made it possible to compare not only measurable learning outcomes but also students’ attitudes, motivation, and affective factors associated with oral communication. The results indicated that students who used smart assistants demonstrated stronger gains in communicative skills than those taught traditionally. In addition, the use of smart assistants was associated with increased learning motivation, reduced speaking anxiety, and greater confidence in oral interaction. The study concludes that smart assistants can function as an effective supplementary tool in blended-learning contexts by supporting personalisation, flexibility, and accessibility. Although limitations remain, particularly in speech-recognition accuracy and the depth of context-sensitive feedback, these technologies offer substantial pedagogical potential and expand opportunities for modern language education. Keywords: smart education, smart assistants, language learning, digital technologies, speaking skills, blended learning.
Methods of teaching language and literature
Moral and Ethical Teachings in Qutb's Poem “Khosrow and Shirin”
Today, researching moral and ethical issues is crucial for understanding the role of moral values in society and strengthening them. Due to increasing globalization and cultural exchange, many countries are experiencing changes in their value systems, which calls for a reassessment of ethical principles based on mutual respect and responsibility. Moral and ethical norms are essential for maintaining social order, justice, and peace, which makes their in-depth study one of the pressing issues in modern society. Moral and ethical values in Turkic culture and literature have been formed since ancient times and passed down from generation to generation through folk wisdom, customs, and poetic works. These values are based on concepts such as justice, honesty, patience, kindness, and freedom. Significant works of Turkic literature that reflect moral principles glorify moral ideals through artistic images, didactic teachings, and heroic figures aimed at maintaining stability in society. The examination of Qutb's “Khosrow and Shirin” in this context is due to the poem's essential role in promoting spiritual values. This article explores the moral and ethical values in Qutb's poem “Khosrow and Shirin” and their role in Turkic culture. Qutb’s work, as a medieval example of Kazakh literature, is aimed at preserving and disseminating moral and ethical values. Through the poem's characters, qualities such as justice, honesty, kindness, love, and spiritual purity are revealed, and their significance in forming the higher stages of morality and culture is analyzed. The poem is also analyzed from a literary and philosophical perspective, highlighting the significance of moral and ethical principles that remain relevant in modern society. Keywords: culture, literature, values, morality, ethics, legacy.
Language As Fate: Murat Auezov’s Cultural-Philosophical Orientations In Conceptualizing Turkic Identity
This article offers a philological and cultural-philosophical analysis of the intellectual legacy of Murat Mukhtarovich Auezov, in which the central concept is the idea of “language as destiny.” Auezov regards language as the key factor in shaping Turkic identity, determining the nation’s spiritual trajectory and cultural survival. Of particular importance is his notion of “linguistic other-being,” describing the condition of a bilingual writer torn between the native and the “foreign” linguistic space. This phenomenon is examined in the article within the frameworks of translingualism and postcolonial criticism, highlighting its universal significance for post-Soviet cultural contexts. A philological reading of Hippocrene: Journeys to the Wells of Time and The Thread Linking Times reveals Auezov’s idiostyle: conceptual metaphors such as “path,” “thread,” and “spring” provide the philosophical framework of his texts; the blending of publicity and artistic discourse produces expressive resonance; and bilingual elements create a “double code” within the works. Special attention is given to the triad til – din – dil (“language – faith – spirit”), which functions as a matrix of Turkic identity. In addition, the author examines the interrelationship between linguistic and cultural categories in the works of Murat Auezov within the context of contemporary humanities. The article demonstrates that Auezov’s reflections extend beyond cultural commentary to acquire a profound philological dimension: language is interpreted as a source of poetics, a repository of national memory, and a medium of world-conceptualization. The novelty lies in a comprehensive interpretation of Auezov’s texts from the perspectives of modern philology, translingual studies, and postcolonial theory. The practical value of this work lies in its potential application to courses on the theory of language, the history of literature, and intercultural communication. Keywords: Murat Auezov; language as destiny; linguistic other-being; translingualism; philological analysis; Turkic identity; til – din – dil.
Transformation of the Official Style in Contemporary Kazakh Media Texts: A Linguistic Analysis of News Genres
The article is devoted to the analysis of changes in the official style in modern Kazakh media texts, in particular in the news genre. The study aims to identify the linguistic changes that occur in the structure and style of news texts under the influence of the processes of digitization and convergence of official and conversational discourses. The author considers the main features of the official style in the media text, for example, traces the trends of normativity, cliché, formality and their revision in the context of modern communication. In the Kazakh news discourse, special attention is paid to the appearance of speech elements, expressiveness, as well as anglicisms and internet slang. The official style was traditionally used to create strictly formalized texts (laws, regulations, official statements). However, in the modern media environment, it undergoes changes, becomes democratic, accessible to a wide audience, often combining elements of speech, emotionality and visual material. The topic is timely, given how quickly the forms and methods of communication in the field of media and information exchange change. In recent years, in the context of modern media, there has been a significant change in traditional speech styles, including formal ones, which quickly adapt to the requirements of perception and a wide audience. The conclusions of the article allow us to talk about the formation of a new hybrid style that combines formal and informal features that reflect the change in the socio-cultural role of the media in Kazakh society. The study used methods of descriptive, content analysis, comparative, discourse analysis. Keywords: transformation, media text, cliché, normativity, internet jargon.
The Charisma of Sherkhan Murtaza's Linguistic Personality
In this study, the charisma of Sherkhan Murtaza’s linguistic personality is conceptualised as a combination of linguistic, discursive, and pragmatic resources of speech. The aim is to identify the linguistic nature of linguistic-personality charisma from a discourse-based perspective. The analysis shows that, given the communicative potential of a linguistic personality and its capacity to influence the listener, charisma is not merely a psychological or socio-cultural category; rather, it has a systematic linguistic basis manifested in the choice of lexical and syntactic structures, pragmatic strategies, and discursive models. Therefore, the study has scholarly relevance for the development of linguistic personality theory, pragmalinguistics, discourse studies, and theories of speech influence. Its practical value lies in its applicability to courses in rhetoric and public speaking, stylistic and discourse analysis, media and political communication, and leadership practices. The methodological framework draws on Y.N. Karaulov’s theory of linguistic personality, V.I. Karasik’s concept of discursive personality, as well as pragmatic approaches to speech influence and the rhetorical model of Ethos – Pathos – Logos. Based on the analysis of Sherkhan Murtaza’s authorial discourse, typical linguistic markers of charisma are identified, pragmatic strategies of charismatic speech are described, the linguistic conditioning of charisma is substantiated, and a model of a charismatic linguistic personality is proposed. The study also examines how the traditionally psychological understanding of charisma is realised through linguistic mechanisms by treating linguistic-personality charisma as an object of linguistic analysis. The linguistic and pragmatic parameters formulated in the conclusions may serve as tools for assessing speech influence in applied research and can be used in developing educational and analytical materials on contemporary speech communication. Keywords: charisma, linguistic personality, discourse, linguistics, Sh. Murtaza.
The Transformation of Reality into Artistic Truth in Detective Stories
The article examines the works included in the collection Tauelsizdik Kyrandary by N. Samatuly and Ә. Shaimaghambetov, which brings together documentary-detective literary works dedicated to the selfless heroism of police officers in solving serious and especially serious crimes that caused wide public resonance in the Kyzylorda region in the 1990s and 2000s. In the stories “Kyzylorda – Shymkent – ‘Nabat’,” “The Shattyk Cave,” “The Tragedy of Four Girls,” “Kyzylorda Kidnapping,” “Six Strands of Hair in the Palm,” “A Crime Solved in Six Months,” and “Demons Hunting Taxis,” real-life truth is transformed into artistic reality. This is evidenced by the preservation of the real names of officers who served in rural, district, city, and regional divisions of the internal affairs bodies, the precise indication of the place and time of events, the disclosure of crimes that shocked the public in the 1990s, and the execution of court verdicts. It is demonstrated through concrete examples that the writers aim to analyze the causes of crimes, delve into their social underpinnings, and explore moral issues at a certain level. In the stories, evil is manifested not only in the violation of social laws, but also in the brutal and terrifying transgression of moral norms formed over centuries of human existence. In detective works, the reasons are revealed why moral, psychological, criminological, and socio-economic conflicts lead to great tragedy and the loss of human life. Issues of legal protection in the work of investigators are highlighted through the search for lost property belonging to private individuals. The writers’ mastery of psychological techniques is expressed in their penetration into the inner world of each character and in the disclosure of the cause-and-effect relationships of internal and external conflicts. Key words: prose, detective, plot, clues, investigator, mysterious crime, unexpected plot twist, denouement
The Linguistic Representation of Traditions and Customs in the Works of M. Auezov and W. Shakespeare: a Comparative Analysis
This article presents a comparative cultural-linguistic analysis of the representation of traditions and ritual discourse in Mukhtar Auezov’s epic novel The Path of Abai and selected plays by William Shakespeare (Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, The Merchant of Venice, and Twelfth Night). The study explores how ritual language functions as a mechanism for encoding national worldview, social hierarchy, and moral values within Kazakh and English literary traditions. Drawing on ethnolinguistic analysis, speech act theory, discourse-pragmatic methodology, and cultural linguistics, the research examines 45 textual fragments that illustrate ritualized speech acts such as blessings, oaths, lamentations, curses, wedding formulas, and honor-related expressions. The findings demonstrate that ritual language in both corpora operates as a performative system that regulates social relations and legitimizes authority. In Auezov’s narrative, ritual discourse is grounded in oral-poetic tradition, ethnographic terminology, and communal forms of speech, reflecting collective cultural consciousness. In Shakespeare’s works, ritual language is shaped by liturgical, legal, and rhetorical conventions of the Elizabethan era, emphasizing institutional authority and individual moral responsibility. Despite cultural differences, both authors employ ritual speech as a structural and semantic device that transforms personal experience into socially validated action. The study contributes to contemporary cultural linguistics by proposing a comparative pragmatic framework for analyzing ritual discourse across civilizations. It demonstrates that literary language serves not only as an artistic medium but also as a repository of collective memory and a carrier of cultural identity. Keywords: ritual discourse, ethnolinguistics, cultural linguistics, performativity, Auezov, Shakespeare, national worldview, speech acts.
Portrait as an Anthropological Object of Analysis (on the example of the works of O. Wilde and N. Gogol)
The article is devoted to the analysis of the portrait as an anthropological object in the literary works of O. Wilde and N. Gogol. In modern philological anthropology, the portrait genre is seen as a special medium of human representation, which focuses attention on human subjectivity. The author shows that the portrait in a literary text goes beyond the description of appearance, turning into a complex cultural and philosophical phenomenon. In Wilde's novel «The Picture of Dorian Gray», the portrait acts as a symbol of split personality, moral degradation and the crisis of Victorian aestheticism. In Gogol's story «The Portrait», the image becomes a carrier of demonic power, a source of temptation and spiritual fall of the hero, which reflects the Orthodox understanding of art and the moral responsibility of the artist. Comparative analysis reveals both differences in cultural and philosophical traditions and similarities in the interpretation of the portrait as a means of revealing human essence. The portrait is considered as a «text within a text», an «anthropological marker», which reflects the archetypes, fears and values of society, and also serves as a tool for studying the boundaries between external and internal, physical and spiritual. In this context, the anthropological approach becomes especially significant, as it makes it possible to consider the portrait not merely as an artistic detail, but as a form of modeling the human being within the system of culture. Through portrait imagery, the authors reveal not only the individual traits of the character, but also the deeper ideas of the epoch concerning the nature of personality, sin, beauty, the soul, and the purpose of human existence. Keywords: portrait, anthropology of literature, Oscar Wilde, Nikolai Gogol, “The Picture of Dorian Gray”, “The Portrait”, aestheticism, morality, symbolism.
The role of anaphora and epiphora in evoking emotional effect in heroic epics
This article provides a comprehensive account of the emotional and pragmatic functions of anaphora and epiphora in the poetic structure of Kazakh heroic epics. The study aims to determine the role of anaphora/epiphora in organizing epic pathos and rhythm, as well as in reader reception (emotional resonance, memorability, persuasion). Representative excerpts from epic texts were selected as material and subjected to poetic–stylistic analysis; methodologically, an open-ended survey was administered and respondents’ free-text answers were thematically coded. The findings demonstrate that anaphora, through line-initial repetition, intensifies the opening impulse and produces a “leadership voice” effect, while epiphora, via line-final formulas, consolidates the message and prolongs emotional impact. Repetition enhances textual cohesion, rhythm, and euphony, creating mnemonic salience: in the survey, lines with repetition were described as “unforgettable” and “turning into slogans.” Bringing together theoretical and empirical evidence shows that anaphora / epiphora serve as key instruments for activating national-cultural codes (spirit, unity, perseverance). The practical significance of the study lies in the systematic use of reception data in epic analysis; methodologically, it lays a foundation for future digital text analysis (positional–frequency analysis, automatic tagging based on rhythmic markers). Limitations include sample size and stratification parameters; future research should incorporate experimental designs and test the reception of repeated structures in translation through comparative assessment. Keywords: anaphora, epiphora, poetic repetition, heroic epics, emotional impact, rhythm and intonation, linguopragmatics.
Key Competencies of a Teacher of Russian Language and Literature as the Basis for Effective Teaching
The article is devoted to the study of professional competencies of teachers of Russian language and literature in modern educational standards. The study shows the relevance of the topic in terms of the challenges of the 21st century, including the rapid development of technology, rethinking teaching methods and the mandatory professional training of teachers who are able to combine traditional and innovative methods. The purpose of the study is to analyze the structure, content and significance of the teacher's key competencies, such as subject, methodological, communicative, information-digital and personal. The article analyzes their impact on the quality of education and upbringing of students, including the prospects for their formation and development in educational activities. Primary attention is paid to the multifunctional nature of pedagogical competencies, which include both professional knowledge and skills, as well as personal qualities. The article describes examples of the use of these competencies, including the adaptation of material for students with different degrees of education, the use of digital tools, providing opportunities for direct communication, as well as motivating students through an individual approach. The results of the study show that the professional competencies of a teacher of Russian language and literature are the most important means of successful pedagogical activity. The presented recommendations, table, and lesson examples can be used to design training and advanced training programs for teachers, as well as to integrate innovative techniques. Keywords: competence, Russian language and literature, key competencies, progressive learning, innovative methods.
Cognitive Structures of the Concept of the “Perfect Man” in Khoja Ahmed Yasawi’s Hikmets
The article offers a comprehensive analysis of the artistic and philosophical content of the concept of the “Perfect Man” in Khoja Ahmed Yasawi’s Hikmets. It argues that this concept originates in the works of Muslim thinkers such as Ibn Arabi, occupies a special place in Sufi doctrine, and has remained a significant theme in the spiritual space of Kazakh culture, particularly in the period preceding Abai. The concept of the “Perfect Man” in Yasawi’s Hikmets is examined as a form of spiritual and cognitive continuity rooted in the Sufi tradition and extended into its manifestations in modern literature. The study draws on R. Syzdykova’s work The Language of Yasawi’s Hikmets and the Tashkent manuscript version in order to identify the linguistic, worldview-related, and conceptual features of the text. The article compares the image of a person who has lost his true human essence with that of an individual who has attained spiritual perfection, revealing their significance and role in social life. Drawing on the views of various scholars, it analyzes the role of the Perfect Man as a figure who guides society along the path of truth, establishes justice and righteousness, condemns immoral habits, and promotes order and virtue. In addition, the study demonstrates the historical formation of the notion of perfection in Sufi teaching, its connection with the Turkic worldview, and its continuity within Kazakh spiritual culture. The results of the study may be used in teaching semantics-related disciplines in higher education, as well as in scholarly research devoted to Yasawi’s heritage, Sufi thought, and the concept of the Perfect Man. Key words: Yasawi, Hikmets, “Perfect Man”, concept, cognitive structure.
The National Character of Dramaturgical Terminology in A. Baitursynov’s Work “Әдебиет танытқыш” (“Introduction to Literary Studies”)
The article highlights A. Baitursynuly’s outstanding contribution to the formation of national terminology based on his literary heritage, with special emphasis on his work in creating drama-related terms within the Kazakh cultural and intellectual context. The study examines the ideas of the reformist scholar, one of the founders of Kazakh linguistics and Kazakh literary theory – regarding the development of national terms for drama, one of the three major literary modes (poetry, prose, drama) in Kazakh verbal art. As the first scholar to address the nature of the dramatic genre in Kazakh verbal art, Baitursynuly initiated the creation of terminology for drama, a genre which, due to its origin and historical development, has absorbed a considerable number of concepts of Greek provenance. He sought to bring such terms closer to the national worldview and to articulate them through Kazakh conceptual categories for the first time. In doing so, he laid important foundations for the theoretical meta-framework of drama, traditionally regarded as a complex and highly conventional genre. It is evident that today we have not yet fully presented and appreciated the extent of this contribution to Kazakh scholarship. Even a single work “Әдебиет танытқыш” contains multilayered knowledge that continues to invite further exploration. In particular, it would be difficult to claim that his arguments concerning dramaturgy and the terms he coined have been sufficiently examined and widely promoted. Therefore, the article provides a systematic analysis of Baitursynuly’s key concepts and terminological innovations related to dramaturgy as one of the oldest and most complex forms of literary art, and it assesses the enduring, viable principles articulated in his literary legacy. Keywords: national scholarship, verbal art, genre, dramaturgical terms, language of the literary work.
Formation of Academic Writing Skills through Multimedia Technologies
This article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations and practical potential of developing academic writing skills through the use of multimedia technologies. In contemporary higher education, academic writing is considered one of the key competences that shapes students’ academic and professional potential. Under conditions of digital transformation, traditional text-based teaching models no longer fully meet learners’ cognitive, communicative, and creative needs. In this regard, multimedia technologies, including video lectures, interactive platforms, hypertext, podcasts, infographics, and digital storytelling, are regarded as effective tools for teaching academic writing. The purpose of the study is to identify effective ways of developing academic writing skills through multimedia technologies and to substantiate their pedagogical potential scientifically. The research employed general scientific methods, including analysis, synthesis, comparison, and systematization. The findings demonstrated that a multimedia learning environment has a positive impact on students’ ability to construct academic texts, present arguments, critically engage with sources, and adhere to the conventions of academic style. The scientific novelty of the article lies in presenting multimedia technologies as an integrated model for the development of academic writing. The results of the study can be applied in higher education institutions to improve academic writing courses, enrich teachers’ methodological resources, and foster students’ academic literacy. Keywords: multimedia technologies, academic writing, academic literacy, higher education, digital pedagogy, academic integrity.
Medical Texts as a New Reality in the “Alien” Discourse
The article examines the functioning of medical texts in the so-called “alien” discourse, that is, in literary works, the language of mass media, and various talk shows. The aim of the study is to identify the specific features of representing medical knowledge related to human health, disease, and disease prevention in texts that do not belong to specialized medical discourse. Studying a medical text in “alien” discourse makes it possible to understand how language conveys the specific features of a doctor’s professional way of thinking, how medical consciousness is reflected, and how processes of producing and interpreting medical information are realized in non-specialized texts. In this study, “alien” discourse refers to non-specialized texts containing medical information and functioning in literary discourse, media language, and talk shows. The research employed content analysis and discourse analysis. The findings show that the active use of medical terminology emphasizes the objectivity of specialized information presented in the text while also exerting an implicit influence on the reader. The analysis of specialized, literary, and media texts related to human health revealed a shift in language register. The functioning of medical terms in “alien” discourse demonstrates their educational function. A specialized text contributes to the formation of a scientific worldview not only for doctors, but also for non-specialists. Texts of this type are marked by specific lexical units that characterize aspects of the professional worldview. Keywords: text, medical text, discourse, alien discourse, artistic discourse.
Metaphor and Metonymy in Informal Names of Urban Space
Each object's proper name serves a specific function, namely, differentiation and identification. Much attention has long been devoted to works devoted to personal names and toponyms, while less and less attention has been paid to objects of intra-urban space, particularly urbanonyms. This article focuses on both theoretical studies on secondary nomination, i.e., unofficial names, and practical aspects. Equally important is the collection of data and the classification of figurative meanings by metonymic and metaphorical transfer. Comparative, lexical-semantic, and structural analysis allow us to compare these names, related to the Kazakh megacities of Astana and Almaty, and to identify their common patterns and differences. A sociological survey and continuous sampling method, used to study the material, helped to identify the actual use and existence of unofficial urbanonyms in the speech of city residents. The practical outcome of this work could be the creation of a fund of unofficial urbanonyms for Kazakhstan's megacities, as well as a dictionary of unofficial urbanonyms and the origins of these unofficial onyms, useful for tourists, guests visiting Kazakhstan, tourism professionals, and, of course, onomasticians, or more broadly, linguists. The results of this study can be used to create a corpus of Kazakh and Russian languages ​​and expand the unofficial onomastic vocabulary. Keywords: urbanonyms, metaphorical transfer, metonymic transfer, secondary nomination.
Pragmalinguistic Means of Communicative Pressure as a Manifestation of Linguistic Offense
In the process of interpersonal communication unfolding in various speech situations, one of the types of speech actions manifested is communicative pressure or verbal pressure. In the process of interpersonal communication, certain instances of the addresser’s utterances aimed at exerting aggressive influence on the addressee may be regarded as a linguistic offence, as they involve actions that restrict the addressee’s personal freedom or force them to engage in actions they do not wish to perform. This highlights the importance of investigating the linguistic markers and language means of communicative pressure for both the theory and practice of forensic linguistics. The article aims to identify the key linguistic features, speech strategies and tactics of communicative pressure as a form of linguistic offence through a linguistic analysis of specific empirical material. In this regard, a linguistic analysis was conducted based on a specific instance of communicative pressure – a written statement exchanged between divorced spouses and a video recording of their conversation. Communicative pressure is examined as a speech act designed to inflict harm on the interests of the addressee or the opposing party, as well as to exert influence that contradicts their rights. The study employs theoretical concepts from speech act theory, along with pragmalinguistic, syntactic, stylistic and orthographic methods of analysis. As a result, based on a written note and a video recording of a conversation between divorced spouses, the linguistic markers and language means characteristic of communicative pressure realized under the condition of restricting the addressee’s (listener’s) freedom were identified, and the linguistic tactics were systematized. Keywords: communicative pressure, verbal means, speech strategies, linguistic tactics, linguistic offence.
Linguistic Behavior of Kazakh-Speaking Youth in Online Discourse (Based on Materials from the Social Network Threads)
This article examines the linguistic behavior of Kazakh-speaking youth on the social media platform Threads from psycholinguistic and pragmatic perspectives. The main aim of the study is to identify the linguistic means used to express emotions, evaluations, and communicative intentions in online discourse. The research material consists of 94 publicly available comments posted by users aged 20 to 35, of which 10 content- and structurally representative comments were selected for in-depth qualitative analysis. The psycholinguistic approach focuses on manifestations of inner speech, emotional expressiveness, and cognitive mechanisms, while the pragmatic analysis explores communicative strategies, audience orientation, and the purposes of the messages. In addition, the study considers authorial stance, evaluative units, and the functions of discourse markers in the comments. The findings reveal the frequent use of non-standard (non-literary) vocabulary, code-switching, graphic markers, emojis, and punctuation-based cues that convey intonation. These features demonstrate a direct reflection of internal thinking processes, social positioning, and emotional states in linguistic expression. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of youth communication in digital environments and expands the theoretical framework of psycholinguistic and pragmatic research. The results may also be useful for educators, linguists, and psychologists studying online discourse and youth language practices. The findings make it possible to interpret the system of expressive resources in online discourse in relation to age-related factors, platform-specific communication constraints, and audience expectations. The conclusions may provide a basis for pragmatic modelling of Kazakh-language social media content and for describing processes of norm formation and language change in digital discourse. Keywords: psycholinguistics, linguistic behavior, online discourse, youth language, emotional expression.
Methods for Developing Students’ Creative Thinking through Teaching the Types of Public Speaking
The article examines the effectiveness of teaching types of oratorical speech in contemporary education and provides a theoretical rationale for its positive impact on the development of learners’ creative potential with regard to age-related characteristics. Methodologically, the study draws on principles of rhetorical pedagogy, approaches to fostering creative-thinking skills, and insights from developmental psychology, which inform both content selection and task design. The paper outlines key mechanisms of creative thinking development – cognitive flexibility, a culture of argumentation, interpretive skills, and the formation of an individual “voice” as part of one’s linguistic personality and proposes a set of targeted exercises to support these competencies. The theoretical component of the lesson is grounded in the ideas of A. Baitursynuly and M. Akhetov concerning rhetoric and speech culture. The practical component includes the analysis of rhetorical texts, the writing of argumentative essays, training in composing oratorical speeches, and presenting a reasoned personal stance on proverbs. The authors argue that these tasks create conditions for developing analytical and critical thinking alongside creativity and contribute to strengthening adolescents’ value orientations, such as responsible self-expression, communicative etiquette, and a culturally informed perspective. Following an action-research framework, an experiment conducted in a general education school is reported using diagrams and tables. The findings indicate that the proposed lessons facilitate the formation of relevant skills and values and confirm the applied value of the suggested methodological solutions. The conclusion offers practical recommendations for age-appropriate differentiation of instructional content, a staged model for increasing task complexity, and criteria for assessing outcomes, thereby outlining the possibilities for implementing this approach in educational practice. Key words: the art of rhetoric, types of public speaking, proverbs, adolescence, analytical thinking, critical thinking, creative thinking, creativity.
Methodology of Literary Psychologism Analysis in University Classes
The purpose of this article is to substantiate the methodology of literary psychologism analysis in higher education classes. The main areas of scientific research are the methodology of teaching literature at the university, the study of the epic work. The idea of ​​the scientific research - teaching students to analyze the means of psychologism in modern Kazakhstani literature is necessary for the development of their literary competencies. The scientific significance of this article is that its materials can be used to develop new strategies for analyzing literary works in higher education. The practical significance of the work is expressed in the fact that its materials and results can be used to compile methodological recommendations, write textbooks on the study of psychologism in works of fiction. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary approach to teaching students literature. The study relies on the materials and tools of literary criticism, pedagogy, methods of teaching literature, history. Various methods were used to reveal the topic of the article. The use of the theoretical research method allowed us to carry out a deep analysis of scientific literature on literary criticism, pedagogy, didactics, and methods of teaching literature. The use of the observation method ensured the effectiveness of innovative teaching of students to analyze psychologism in modern Kazakhstani literature. The developed methodology for analyzing literary psychologism is productive. The work solves the problems of studying literary works taking into account psychologism. Keywords: psychologism in fiction, modern Kazakhstani literature, methods for studying an epic work, interactive learning.
The Transcultural Space in I.A. Odegov’s Novella “The Winged Bride of Mahdi”
The article examines the transcultural space of I.A. Odegov’s novella “The Winged Bride of Mahdi” as a characteristic example of Kazakhstan’s Russian-language literature. Drawing on contemporary theories of transculturality (W. Welsch, H. Bhabha, U.M. Bakhtikireeva, E.F. Shafranskaya, and others), the analysis interprets the novella as an artistic model in which various cultural codes, forms of collective memory, and elements of local Kazakh tradition interact. The study highlights the convergence of urban and steppe cultures, the coexistence of traditional and modern worldviews, and the role of the mediator–observer situated at the cultural boundary. Special attention is paid to linguistic hybridity, cultural archetypes, the chronotope, and narrative images shaping transcultural artistic reality. It is shown that I.A. Odegov’s novella functions as a space of cultural hybridization and dialogue, reflecting the distinctive nature of Kazakhstan’s contemporary literary process. The article substantiates the thesis that transculturality in the text is realized not only at the thematic level but also at the structural-poetic level, thereby forming a distinctive system of artistic meanings. The findings may be applied in further research on Kazakhstan’s Russian-language literature as well as in teaching courses on contemporary literature and theories of transculturality. Keywords: transculturality, Russian-language literature, I.A. Odegov, borderland literature, dialogue of cultures.
Remembering Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Lars Johanson: His Scholarly Legacy in Turkic Linguistics
The article aims to provide a systematic analysis of the key theoretical directions shaped by Lars Johanson and to clarify their position and explanatory power in contemporary linguistics. The discussion focuses on three major contributions: (1) the viewpoint aspect framework and its relevance for modelling aspectual meanings; (2) Johanson’s impact on the study of evidentiality/indirectivity, especially as a category encoding information source and indirect access to evidence; and (3) the methodological value of the code-copying model in contact linguistics. The author seeks to demonstrate how Johanson’s work on aspectuality intersects with issues of information structure and language contact, treating these domains as interconnected components of a coherent research agenda. Methodologically, the study combines historical-descriptive, comparative, and analytical approaches. It offers an integrated reading of Johanson’s major monographs, articles, and editorial projects, allowing the author to trace the evolution of his conceptual apparatus and to outline the scope of his influence across Turkology and general linguistics. Particular attention is paid to how his core notions (aspect, evidentiality/indirectivity, and code-copying) continue to function as productive analytical tools in current typological and Turkological scholarship. The paper’s scholarly novelty lies in interpreting Johanson not merely as a specialist in Turkic languages but as a figure associated with a broader theoretical school that has shaped developments in general linguistics. The article also highlights his institutional and organizational contributions to the field, including his role in advancing the Turcologica series, supporting the journal Turkic Languages, and contributing to the Encyclopedia of Turkic Languages and Linguistics Online. The findings demonstrate that Johanson’s intellectual legacy remains highly relevant and that his theoretical proposals are actively extended in present-day research on aspectology, typology, contact linguistics, and discourse/information-structure studies. Keywords: Lars Johanson, Turkology, viewpoint aspect, contact linguistics, code-copying.
Word-Formation Models of Bone and Joint Nomenclature in the Medical Terminological System
This article investigates the word-formation models underlying Kazakhized bone-and-joint terms within the medical terminological system. The study is motivated by a persistent tension between, on the one hand, medicine as a domain characterized by internationally standardized classifications and nomenclatures, and, on the other, the need for national-language adaptation that secures conceptual precision, linguocultural coherence, and stable usage across educational and clinical communication. The material is drawn from a multi-layered set of sources, including internationally codified bone-and-joint designations, officially approved national terminological variants, lexicographic records in Kazakh medical dictionaries, and evidence from real usage in teaching materials and clinical texts. The main aim is to identify formation patterns of Kazakhized terms related to the musculoskeletal system and to systematize them through a structural typology of word-formation models. The analysis demonstrates that analytic patterns are highly productive: multi-component constructions (modifier + head), as well as numeric-hierarchical and locative specifications, provide increased informational density and support medical exactness by encoding anatomical relations directly in the term. Calque-based formations contribute to cross-border recognizability by preserving the semantic-structural “skeleton” of international terms, yet they may generate challenges for linguistic naturalness and internal standardization. Synthetic (affixational) formations appear comparatively limited in this segment, whereas hybrid structures combining international components with Kazakh morphological or lexical elements reveal the transitional nature of current Kazakhization practices. The article also highlights discrepancies between normative sources and actual usage, resulting in parallel variants. The findings can support applied tasks of codification, lexicography, standardizing educational and clinical documentation, and enriching digital terminological resources. Keywords: national terminology, medical terminological system, Kazakhization processes, word-formation models, bone and joint terms.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eurasian Journal of Philology. Science and Education
AI-Assisted Subtitling in Translator Training: Efficiency, Quality, and Student Perceptions in an Experimental Study
Digitalization continues to reshape translation practices across domains, with audiovisual translation (AVT) being one of the fields most affected by automation and artificial intelligence (AI). This study investigates the pedagogical implications of AI-assisted subtitling in the context of translator education. Twelve undergraduate students from the Faculty of Philology at Akhmet Yasawi University (Turkistan, Kazakhstan) participated online in a pre–post experimental design. In the pre-test, students manually subtitled a one-minute English promotional clip; in the post-test, they used AI-generated subtitles which they post-edited for accuracy, style, and cultural appropriateness. Data were collected through task completion times, rubric-based quality scores, error analysis, and student reflections. The results indicate substantial improvements in both efficiency and quality. Mean task completion time decreased from 745 seconds in the manual condition to 451 seconds in the AI-assisted condition, representing a 40% reduction (t(11) = 17.79, p < .001, Cohen’s d = 5.13). Quality scores improved significantly from 5.08/8 to 7.08/8 (t(11) = –8.12, p < .001, d = 2.35). Error analysis revealed a clear shift: manual subtitling produced numerous technical and segmentation errors, while AI subtitling largely eliminated these but required human correction of semantic and cultural nuances. Thematic analysis of reflections confirmed these trends: students valued the speed and technical precision of AI, but emphasized their indispensable role in ensuring idiomatic and culturally sensitive translations. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on the hybrid ecology of AVT, where human and non-human actors collaborate within translation workflows. It suggests that AI-assisted subtitling can be fruitfully integrated into translator training as both a productivity aid and a pedagogical resource for critical reflection. At the same time, the findings highlight the limitations of automation and the continued necessity of human agency in audiovisual translation. Keywords: audiovisual translation, AI-assisted subtitling, translator training, quality, student perceptions.
The Sociolinguistic Aspect of Children’s Language Code-Switching in Communication
Today, the mixing of Kazakh, Russian, and English language elements in children’s speech reflects the linguistic situation in the country and illustrates the developmental characteristics of contemporary Kazakh in a multilingual environment. Considering that today’s children will become the future speakers of the Kazakh language, addressing this issue must begin now. The first step involves identifying the causes of language code-switching and predicting its potential consequences. Children’s code-switching mirrors the trilingual nature of Kazakhstan’s linguistic landscape. Frequent exposure to Russian-language media, parents’ efforts to immerse children in English through digital content, various courses, and kindergartens offering English-language instruction contribute to active code-switching. As a result, children increasingly alternate between languages, which may lead to cognitive delays caused by mixed-language influence, the emergence of specific psycholinguistic features, and, in the long term, uncertainty regarding the future state of the Kazakh language within a mixed linguistic environment. This article analyzes the language code-switching patterns of children aged 3–5 during the production of communicative texts. By examining the social and psycholinguistic foundations of code-switching, the study characterizes the internal (cognitive) and external (social and environmental) factors influencing children’s language development. The article presents the results of semi-structured interviews with 15 mothers of children aged 3-5. The findings indicate that, within the current linguistic context of Kazakhstan, code-switching at early developmental stages is a natural phenomenon shaped by the multilingual environment itself. Keywords: code-switching, linguistic environment, communication, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics.
Revitalization Potential of Middle Turkic Lexicon in the Field of Economics
The article provides a comprehensive examination of the historical formation and developmental dynamics of economic terminology in the Kazakh language, with a particular focus on the revitalization of old written (old-bookish) lexical layers. It investigates the origins of trade-economic lexemes rooted in the Old Turkic and Middle Turkic periods, their transmission into the Turkic linguistic system through Arabic-Persian mediation, as well as their revitalization potential within modern Kazakh. The study draws on historical-lexicological evidence, including the impact of economic and cultural interactions along the Silk Road and the use of trade and commercial vocabulary in the works of medieval authors such as Mahmud Kashgari, Abulgazi Bahadur, Rabghuzi, and Ahmedi Gulshahri. The research traces the semantic evolution of old written units such as deldal ‘intermediary’, mämile ‘transaction’, qazyna ‘treasury’, and pül ‘money; fee’, identifying their current functions within the modern system of economic terminology and revealing the mechanisms and functional potential of their revitalization. Based on data from Termincom.kz and the National Corpus of the Kazakh Language, the study determines the productivity of these lexemes in term formation and their capacity to contribute to the development of new scientific concepts. The necessity of effectively utilizing the internal lexical resources of the Kazakh language is emphasized, with reference to the terminological principles formulated by Yeldes Omaruly and Abduali Kaidar. Furthermore, the article reviews the history of economic dictionaries from the twentieth century to the present, outlining their contribution to the development of Kazakh linguistics. The findings demonstrate that lexemes belonging to the old written and Middle Turkic layers are actively undergoing revitalization within contemporary Kazakh economic terminology, thereby strengthening their pragmatic load and fulfilling an essential role in the formation of new scientific concepts. The article aims to elucidate the theoretical and practical foundations for expanding the terminological potential of the Kazakh language. Keywords: Middle Turkic lexicon, old written lexicon, revitalized words, terminology.