Eurasian Journal of Philology Science and Education
әл-Фараби атындағы Қазақ Ұлттық университеті
A Structural-Methodological Model for Parallel Teaching of Two Foreign Languages in Kazakhstani Universities
Parallel foreign language teaching in Kazakhstani universities requires not only the simultaneous inclusion of two foreign languages in the curriculum, but also their methodological coordination as interrelated components of one educational process. In teacher-training programmes such as “Foreign Language: Two Foreign Languages”, English is usually studied as the first foreign language, while French, German, Chinese or another language is introduced as the second foreign language. In actual practice, however, the two languages are often taught as separate subjects, with different syllabi, unequal academic hours and insufficient coordination between teachers. This creates a methodological contradiction between the expected development of communicative competence in two foreign languages and the lack of mechanisms for cross-linguistic transfer, contrastive analysis and interference management. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the methodological foundations of parallel foreign language teaching and to propose a structural-methodological model for coordinating English as the first foreign language and French as the second foreign language. The study is based on competence-based, communicative-cognitive, contrastive, integrative and metalinguistic approaches. The research methods include analysis of educational programmes and syllabi, diagnostic survey, oral questioning and theoretical modelling. The empirical part involved 83 respondents: 76 students and graduates and 7 teachers connected with the English-French language combination in the 2024-2025 academic year. The findings indicate that the main difficulty is the absence of a coordinated methodological system. The article identifies key conditions for parallel teaching: topic synchronization, contrastive grammar and vocabulary tasks, metalinguistic awareness, transfer and interference management, teacher coordination and CEFR-based assessment. The proposed model includes target, content, organizational-methodological, processual and assessment-diagnostic components. Its practical value lies in its application to curriculum design, syllabus development and classroom practice. Keywords: parallel foreign language teaching, methodological coordination, cross-linguistic transfer, metalinguistic awareness.
Methods of teaching language and literature
Copyright (c) 2026 Eurasian Journal of Philology Science and Education
The System of Characters in the Heroic Epic of the Kazakh People
Heroic poems represent one of the most significant genres of the Kazakh epic, distinguished by their thematic depth, complex artistic structure and broad ideological scope. The epic serves as a cultural heritage that reflects the historical memory, spiritual worldview, aesthetic sensibilities and national aspirations of the people. Within Kazakh heroic epics, ideas such as national consciousness, patriotism, unity, justice, bravery, defense of the homeland and prioritizing the public good over individual interests are widely expressed. In this context, a typological analysis of the character systems in heroic poems provides a deeper understanding of the epic’s nature, its genre-specific features, and its historical and social functions. The object of this study is the system of characters in Kazakh epics. The article examines the typological characteristics of the character system in the Kazakh heroic epic based on the poems “Alpamys Batyr”, “Kambar Batyr”, “Er Targyn” and “Edige Batyr”. The study comparatively analyzes the artistic structure of the heroes’ images, their personal qualities, heroic ideals, and their functions at both the tribal and broader societal levels. The analysis shows that, in the epics, heroes mainly appear as protectors of their tribe and community, whereas in the Nogai cycle, their role expands and aligns with national and state interests. Accordingly, the character system becomes increasingly complex in response to historical circumstances. The results indicate that the system of characters in Kazakh epics has an evolutionary trajectory, with the hero’s role developing from a tribal figure to a national, historically significant persona. Keywords: folklore, Kazakh epic, typology, character system, heroic figure.
Analysis of Stories by A. Artsishevsky as a Way to Develop Students' Literary Competencies
The main scientific problem of the article is the search for methods and techniques for analyzing epic works in higher education. The purpose of this study is to develop effective methods for analyzing the stories of the Kazakhstani writer A. Artsishevsky for the development of students' literary competencies. The theoretical significance of the research results is determined by the fact that its conclusions and provisions can be used for further searches for new strategies for analyzing short fiction works in higher education. The practical significance of this study is that its materials can be used to develop innovative methods and techniques for studying epic works in schools and universities. The article presents the idea that it is necessary to use a variety of teaching methods that provide students with a deep understanding of the artistic features, semantic plans, and ideas expressed in the works. It is important to use the techniques of didactic eristics, interactive learning, and the research method. These methods have led to the successful development of students' literary competencies. The methods of dialogue, discussion, algorithmization, portfolio, collective thinking activity have shown their high efficiency, served to activate the thinking and cognitive activity of students. In the process of studying the stories of A. Artsishevsky, the students' literary competencies were developed, which are necessary for a deep analysis of the genre nature, plot and narrative organization, poetics and problems of the works. Keywords: modern Kazakhstani literature, modern Kazakhstani story, methods of teaching literature, methods of story analysis.
Methodological Competence of Philology Students in Higher Education: the Linguodidactic Potential of Innovative Teaching Technologies
This article examines the issue of developing methodological competence among philology students within the higher education system. The relevance of this study stems from the contradiction between the growing demands for the professional readiness of language teachers and the insufficient development of the theoretical foundations for integrating innovative technologies into methodological training. The study is theoretical and analytical in nature and draws on competency-based, activity-based, and language-didactic approaches. The paper systematizes existing concepts of the structure of methodological competence developed within the global pedagogical tradition and proposes an original six-component model comprising cognitive-linguistic, methodological, design-technological, communicative-pedagogical, reflective-research, and axiological components. The didactic potential of key innovative technologies is described: blended learning, project-based learning, the corpus-based approach, gamification, and digital educational platforms. Particular attention is paid to the Kazakhstani context: the specifics of the multilingual educational environment are examined, and the experience of the country’s leading teacher-training universities is analyzed. Systemic problems in the implementation of innovative technologies in teacher training are identified, and promising directions for its improvement are defined. The conclusion is drawn regarding the need for the purposeful design of a university’s methodological framework, taking into account the requirements of modern language education and the national educational priorities of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study also reveals that the Kazakhstani multilingual educational context imposes specific demands on the methodological training of philology students, particularly in relation to trilingual education policy. The findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of how university-level methodological preparation can be restructured to meet contemporary challenges in language pedagogy. The results of this study may serve as a basis for developing curricula, methodological modules, and professional development programs for language teacher educators in Kazakhstan and beyond. Keywords: methodological competence, philology students, linguodidactics, innovative technologies, higher education, language education, Kazakhstan.
Modeling as an Effective Method of Linguostylistic Analysis of Fictional Prose (Based on Contemporary Short Stories in the Kazakh Language)
Linguostylistic analysis of the language of a literary work is one of the most complex scholarly problems. In world linguistics, two methods of linguostylistic analysis have been identified for examining linguistic units that are organized in accordance with the ideological and thematic content of a literary text: the immanent method and the projection method. In addition, in the twenty-first century, researchers have begun to consider the modeling method as one of the innovative approaches to improving the methodology of linguostylistics. The aim of the study is to propose a modeling method for the linguostylistic analysis of sound harmony employed to create expressive effect in collections of short stories by young Kazakh writers aged 22-35, published in recent decades. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies primarily in the fact that this corpus of Kazakh short stories has not previously been examined from a linguistic perspective. The study employs a modeling approach through the description and interpretation of the principal expressive devices formed by sound harmony – one of the national norms of artistic language – grounded in national cognition and entrenched in the linguistic consciousness of language users, as manifested in contemporary collections of the short story genre. The research findings contribute to identifying characteristics inherent in processes that utilize the full linguistic resources of the Kazakh language to strengthen its vitality and competitiveness in the era of globalization; to revealing the continuity of national linguistic potential in the language use of contemporary young writers; to determining trends characteristic of the dynamics of modern Kazakh; and to advancing the theoretical and practical investigation of the previously underexplored field of Kazakh linguostylistics, as well as to the refinement of its methodological frameworks. Keywords: linguostylistic analysis, contemporary Kazakh short stories, types of methods, modeling, national norms of artistic language, sound harmony.
Kanysh Satbayev and the Artistic-Cognitive Synthesis
The article presents a comparative analysis of two works that depict the life and scientific activity of Kanysh Satbayev, a prominent historical figure who made an outstanding contribution to the formation and development of Kazakh science. The main objects of the study are Medeu Sarseke’s novel-essay Kazakh’s Kanysh and Sanzhar Kerimbay and Adilbek Nabi’s work Kanysh and the Scientific Front. The study examines the genre nature, documentary basis, artistic narrative strategies, authorial interpretation, and reader reception of the two works. It is shown that in Sarseke’s novel-essay, historical facts are combined with artistic imagination, while the image of Kanysh Satbayev is revealed through the characters’ inner experiences, dialogues, plot development, and expressive episodes. In contrast, Kerimbay and Nabi’s work gives priority to factual material, documentary evidence, and philosophical-analytical reflection, presenting Satbayev’s scientific struggle and his role in establishing the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan from a scientific-cognitive perspective. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the two works offer different literary and cognitive models for representing a historical personality: the first is a novel-essay based on artistic interpretation, whereas the second is a scientific-cognitive work with a documentary and analytical focus. The study concludes that the image of Kanysh Satbayev is represented through different narrative and cognitive strategies in literary and scientific-cognitive prose, and this distinction makes it possible to identify important tendencies in the development of Kazakh documentary prose. Keywords: documentary prose, novel-essay, analytical essay, historical figure, artistic-cognitive synthesis, scientific-cognitive literature.
Psycholinguistic and Neurolinguistic Aspects of Multilingualism Research
In the context of contemporary multilingual practices, increasing attention is being paid to the study of the mechanisms underlying the interaction of multiple languages, as well as the order of their acquisition and processing in the human mind. Today, an integrative approach to the study of multilingualism is particularly relevant, considering it not only as a sociolinguistic phenomenon but also as a complex cognitive process shaped by the specific features of speech activity and cross-linguistic interaction. In this regard, the linguistic context of Kazakhstan presents a unique and valuable field for multilingualism research. A review of the literature demonstrates that the interests of Kazakhstani scholars within the field of psycholinguistics are primarily focused on childhood bilingualism, educational bilingualism, first-, second-, and foreign-language acquisition, as well as processes of language interference and speech errors. Neurolinguistic studies in Kazakhstan represent an emerging area of research; however, recent years have witnessed growing interest in this field, as evidenced by methodological publications, the establishment of research centers and institutes, and the acquisition of specialized equipment necessary for conducting high-quality scientific investigations. The study employs a comprehensive descriptive method, the keyword method, and elements of definitional analysis. The research materials include scholarly publications, lexicographic sources, and educational and methodological literature. The analysis conducted has demonstrated the promising potential for further research into multilingualism in Kazakhstan from psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic perspectives. Keywords: multilingualism, first language, second language, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics.
The Linguistic Situation of International Students in Kazakhstan: Translingualism and Code-Switching
This article examines the various linguistic, social, and translingual aspects that international students currently studying in our country face when mastering the state language. International students of Turkmen descent studying at higher education institutions in our country study Kazakh as the state language in their general education subjects according to the standard. Students studying based on the European standard (5 ECTS) encounter translingual phenomena and code-switching when mastering the language. They also encounter these linguistic phenomena when learning the language. Studying this phenomenon is a task for linguists. In this study of the linguistic situation of international students in Kazakhstan, a comprehensive analysis method, as well as interviewing, observation, and ethnographic observation, were used to qualitatively analyze the difficulties in language learning and the cognitive benefits of translingualism. The study's results revealed that the first obstacle faced by Turkic-speaking foreign language students in the language acquisition process is the use of Russian as a transcommunicative tool. It was observed that, when mastering linguistic paradigms, they used Russian syntactic structures as a direct translation. This demonstrates that translingualism is a way to establish communication by using elements of the target language through their existing language. It was also found that translinguistic features are used to convey ideas through phonetics, vocabulary, morphology, and syntactic structures based on pronunciation, listening, reading, and writing tasks through texts. Translinguistic features are reflected in code-switching. Code-switching was confirmed by examples of phonetic, lexical, morphological, and syntactic interference. The linguistic situation of Turkmen foreign students can be described as a translinguistic phenomenon, and their changes in speech can serve as examples reflecting the linguistic situation in Kazakhstan. Key words: language situation, translingualism, language code, code switching, Turkic-speaking students.
Ethnographic Character of Phraseological Units Related to the Words «Altyn», «Kumis» in Kazakh and Turkish
This article analyzes the ethnographic features of phraseological units in the Kazakh and Turkish languages related to the words “altyn” and “kumis”. Language is a universal code system that reflects the feelings and thoughts of society. In this sense, language plays a crucial role in understanding the way society thinks. In recent years, researchers’ interest in studying the cultural dimension of language has been growing. As a result, in modern linguistics, within the framework of cultural studies, the ways in which different cultures perceive and interpret the world through verbal cultural units have begun to be studied more intensively. In Turkish and Kazakh, the concepts of “gold” and “silver” are among the most pronounced cultural signs of folk thought. As in many societies, they provide an understanding of human life and prospects as representative expressions of such concepts as power, dominance, prosperity and wealth in Turkish and Kazakh history. Traces of folk ideas about “gold” can be found in Turkish and Kazakh cultures, especially in stereotypical linguistic units. It is noted that “gold” as a cultural symbol has a number of distinctive meanings and features in linguistic expressions which, in addition to the basic meaning of “a high-value substance”, are endowed with figurative meanings. Therefore, in this study, in order to identify and describe the concepts and interpretations that make up the thinking world of the Turkish and Kazakh peoples about “gold” and “silver”, phraseological units, idioms and proverbs containing the words “gold” and “silver” in Turkish and Kazakh were studied through comparative semiotic and cultural-linguistic methods. The study showed that both languages contain common as well as culturally specific concepts. Keywords: phraseology, gold, silver, ethnographic stable phrases, national jewelry.
Language Vitality: Ekphrasis in Literary Texts and Its Linguistic Representation
The article examines ekphrasis, the art of verbal representation, in literary texts from linguistic and literary perspectives. It argues that ekphrasis is an important means of preserving language vitality and of revealing the cognitive, semiotic, and author-specific idiostylistic features of figurative language. Drawing on examples from the works of A. Kekilbayuly, the study analyzes the linguistic representation of ekphrasis as a means of conveying mental images as well as narrative and symbolic meanings through language. The research applies semantic, cognitive, idiostylistic, stylistic, and contextual analysis in order to identify how ekphrasis contributes to language renewal through semantic transformation processes such as simplification, explication, and amplification. The findings show that ekphrasis functions as an effective tool for representing the cultural and cognitive essence of the national language and for supporting its vitality. The main aim of the article is to reveal the vitality and cognitive potential of the national language by identifying the linguistic and literary features of ekphrasis in literary texts. Theoretically, the study opens new possibilities in Kazakh linguistics for analyzing systems of linguistic images and mental representations in literary discourse. It also substantiates the distinctive features of ekphrasis in comparison with tropes and other figurative devices, as well as its role in semantic transformation. A cognitive and semiotic approach to ekphrasis may serve as a methodological foundation for language teaching, literary studies, and creative writing practice. Keywords: ekphrasis, simplification, explication, amplification, cognitive-semiotic analysis, idiostyle, mental representation.
The Lexical Features of the Written Monument “Central Asian Tafsir”
During the Middle Turkic period, profound political, social, historical, and cultural transformations led Turkic languages to a new qualitative development stage and initiated their gradual differentiation along emerging ethnic and national lines. The written monuments created in this era are of exceptional importance for the history study of the modern Kazakh language, and their linguistic analysis remains a pressing issue in contemporary Turkological research. The purpose of this study is to examine the linguistic and, in particular, lexical features of the written monument known as the “Central Asian Tafsir.” This manuscript is regarded as one of the earliest translations of the Qur’an into a medieval Turkic language. The absence of a definitive scholarly consensus concerning its linguistic classification and characteristics underscores the relevance and timeliness of the present research. The practical value of analyzing the language of this monument lies in the fact that its recorded lexical material provides rich evidence of the Common Turkic-Kipchak layers underlying the Kazakh language. The research employs the historical-comparative method, as well as diachronic and synchronic approaches, descriptive analysis, and systematic lexical classification. The findings reveal a substantial number of lexical units that correspond to modern Kazakh both formally and semantically. These units were categorized into major parts of speech, including nouns, adjectives, numerals, pronouns, adverbs, verbs, and auxiliary nouns. Such lexical parallels shared by two historical stages of the language constitute an important empirical basis for Kazakh historical lexicology. From the standpoint of contemporary Kazakh, the root morphemes preserved in the monument represent ancient foundations and enduring structural elements that connect the modern language with the medieval Turkic-Kipchak and Old Turkic traditions. The study concludes that the language of the “Central Asian Tafsir” reflects a mixed Kipchak-Oghuz character and serves as a significant written source for reconstructing the historical development of the Kazakh language. Keywords: Middle Turkic period, tafsir, vocabulary, root bases, Kipchak-Oghuz language.
The works of F. Dostoevsky and the Literature of the American South in the Aspect of Intercultural Dialogue
The purpose of this article is to examine the concept of intercultural communication through the works of F. Dostoevsky, with particular attention to its reception by critics and writers of the American South. The relevance of this topic is determined by the fact that the socio-political and moral condition of post-reform Russia, including the state of the family in particular, was comparable to the destructive processes that took place in American society during the Civil War, Reconstruction, and the Great Depression. This similarity prompted American writers to turn to the literary legacy of the Russian classic, who depicted “Russian chaos” and the phenomenon of the “accidental family.” The article concludes that Dostoevsky saw the solution to the decline of the family and the crisis of morality and spirituality within the framework of Orthodox axiology, in faith in the Divine principle, universal human brotherhood, and the rejection of the destructive doctrine of bourgeois individualism. Writers of the American South also identified the cause of the disintegration of family ties in the dangerous isolation of the individual within the trajectory of the egoistic “self” and shared Dostoevsky’s view on the need for social empathy toward the weakest and most disadvantaged, especially the world of childhood. However, for American authors, the solution to this problem lay not in reliance on some Higher external force, but in the system of existential human values itself. In this regard, they called on their compatriots to demonstrate stoicism and individual courage in the most critical situations of private and social life. Keywords: intercultural communication, literary text, national identity, national reception, comparative-typological analysis.
The article examines surrealist works written in contemporary Kazakh prose. The analyzed works demonstrate a striving for new modes of writing, an expansion of thematic range, psychological depth, linguistic and structural experimentation, and a tendency to present national values from a new aesthetic perspective. The objects of the study include the novella “Қыпшақ аруы” (“The Kipchak Maiden”) by Mukhtar Magauin, the work “Тұтқын” by Roza Mukanova, the short story “Қылбұрау” by Talaptan Akhmetzhanov, “Жазушы жазбасы” (“Writer’s Notes”) by Almaz Myrzakhmet, “Бөтен” (“The Stranger”) by Kolganat Murat, and the novel “Үлкен үйдегі үрей” (“Fear in the Big House”) by Saule Doszhan. The aim of the study is to identify works of a surrealistic nature in twenty-first-century Kazakh prose and to analyze the artistic function of dreams, visions, hallucinations, mystical, and irrational representations in these texts. In accordance with this aim, the objectives were to determine the main features of surrealist poetics, examine them comparatively within a set of specific works, and demonstrate their connection with the artistic explorations of contemporary Kazakh prose. The study determines the specifics of surrealist works, emphasizing the depiction of societal crises through the characters' dreams and visions, introducing a sense of anxiety and fear into the reader’s consciousness. Keywords: surrealism, dream, vision, surrealist layers, contemporary Kazakh prose.
Lexical Features of the Kazakh Dialect in the Tashkent Region and Its Interaction with Uzbek
This article examines the lexical features of the spoken language of Kazakhs living in the Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan from the perspective of linguistic contact and sociolinguistic change. It discusses how the lexical layer of the Kazakh language in a diasporic environment has been shaped under the influence of historical, social, and cultural factors and has developed through interaction with the neighboring Uzbek language. The study analyzes dialectal lexical units characteristic of the Tashkent region related to everyday life, agriculture, social and administrative spheres, as well as urban and rural culture, describing their origins, semantic changes, and patterns of use. The linguistic material of the article is based on samples of spontaneous spoken language collected in the Tashkent area, as well as on dialectological data and recent domestic and international scholarly studies. Descriptive, comparative-dialectological, and sociolinguistic methods were widely employed in the analysis of linguistic units. The study identifies the place of loanwords, lexemes, calques, and mixed usages formed as a result of lexical and linguistic interaction with the Uzbek language within the dialectological system of Kazakh. The research findings demonstrate that the Kazakh language of the Tashkent region represents not only a dialectological system or a regional linguistic phenomenon, but also an important indicator of the preservation of ethnic identity and linguistic adaptation in a multilingual environment. Through the dialectology of the Kazakh language in the Tashkent region, the influence of social changes on language choice in everyday speech practices becomes clearly evident. The article aims to contribute to the comprehensive study of the Kazakh language as a diasporic dialect in the Tashkent region and to systematize the manifestations of Kazakh-Uzbek language contact at the lexical level. Keywords: Kazakh dialectology; Kazakhs of the Tashkent region; Kazakh-Uzbek language contact; linguistic interaction; dialectal lexis; diaspora language.
The Issue of Compiling the “Historical Dictionary of the Kazakh Language” Based on Written Monuments
To date, a comprehensive Historical Dictionary of the Kazakh Language has not yet been compiled, and the historical lexical corpus of the Kazakh language based on written monuments of the ancient, medieval, and modern Turkic periods has not been fully collected. Diachronic studies conducted by linguists contain abundant information and etymological analyses that reveal the development of the Kazakh language. However, this historical data has not been systematically organized or subjected to historical lexicographic analysis. It is well known that a Historical Dictionary can only be compiled by thoroughly collecting the historical lexicon from manuscripts and original texts and identifying semantic, phonetic, and morphological changes of each word. This article discusses the necessity of the Historical Dictionary and its significance in studying language development. First and foremost, it is necessary to select relevant sources, collect linguistic material, trace the semantic evolution of words across various written monuments, reflect phonetic and morphological shifts, and lexicographically systematize the entries. These tasks must be carried out in stages and based on historical data and linguistic analysis to ensure a high-quality dictionary. As early as the beginning of the 20th century, scholars emphasized that the Historical Dictionary reflects the national consciousness and ideology of an entire people. We cannot deny that such a dictionary contributes to the awakening of national identity. The main objective of the Historical Dictionary is to illustrate the diachronic development of the core historical vocabulary of the Kazakh language. It will comprehensively present lexemes from ancient periods that have been preserved in the modern language system, undergone semantic change, acquired new meanings, fallen out of use, or undergone stylistic transformations. Compiling such a dictionary with detailed linguistic-historical descriptions based on actual written monuments is one of the key objectives in contemporary Kazakh linguistics. Keywords: manuscript text, original text, historical dictionary, lexicographic research, etymological analysis.
Mytho-Folkloric Images and Motifs: their Transformation in Modern Literary Fairy Tales
The article is devoted to the scientific analysis of the nature of mytho-folklore images and motifs, as well as the study of their transformation processes in the genre of modern literary fairy tales. The object of the research is the genre-poetic structure of a folklore tale, its artistic functions and ways of representation in the author's interpretations. The focus is on the key features of the folklore tradition – fantasticism, the phenomenon of miraculous helpers, a system of stable motives, the functional specificity of images, cause-and-effect conditionality and a unique chronotopic model. All these elements in a literary fairy tale receive new content, being transformed and synthesized with individual author's narrative strategies. Such a synthesis contributes to the actualization of the structures of collective consciousness, manifested both in archetypal images and motifs, and in the perception of the modern reader. In addition, the article highlights the problem of typological classification of fairy tales according to age focus groups and defines their pragmatic orientation, aimed at both children and adults. The research material includes D. Akhmetuly’s works “Сайын хан”, “Хан ұлдары” (The Khan’s sons), “Текті ұры” (The Noble Thief), “Мұрагер” (The Heir), and “Әкеден қалған мұра” (The Father’s bequest). The research methodology is grounded in the continuity of scholarly tradition and encompasses both traditional and innovative approaches to literary analysis, such as content analysis, comparative-typological method, mythopoetic analysis, and psychoanalytic interpretation. The study found that mytho-folkloric images and motifs in the modern literary fairy tale function not only as traditional structural elements, but also as an artistic mechanism that generates new meaning in connection with the author’s worldview, genre transformation, and the specific features of reader reception. Keywords: myth, fairy tale, archetype, image, literary fairy tale, chronotope, unconscious.
Language Policy of Kazakhstan in the Digital Era: Transformation of the Language Planning Paradigm
The article examines the transformation of Kazakhstan's language policy under the influence of global digitalization. The authors analyze how the digital environment affects the status and role of language. At the center of the study is the concept of “digital linguistic sovereignty”, defined as a nation's ability to ensure the functional competitiveness of its language in the era of artificial intelligence and Big Data. The methodological framework of the study is based on an interdisciplinary approach that combines critical discourse analysis (CDA) of official documents and media texts, institutional analysis of technological projects (such as the National Corpus of the Kazakh Language, the Coursera platform in Kazakh, the translation of university textbooks, etc.), and the study of expert discourses in new media. The research findings demonstrate how the state regulates language planning amid accelerating technological progress, shifting from a "protective model" toward digital modernization. It is established that the creation of mass digital content in academic and technical fields enhances the intellectual prestige of the Kazakh language among the youth. The authors conclude that the country's digital language policy will yield positive results if it transitions from a strategy of mere content translation to the active promotion of research and development (R&D) in the state language. The practical significance of the work lies in the potential application of the proposed analytical framework to study linguistic processes in other multilingual societies undergoing digital transformation. Keywords: language policy of Kazakhstan, digitalization, sociolinguistic analysis, language changes, language preservation and promotion, expansion of state language functions.
Integrating Smart Assistants into Kazakh Language Learning: Impacts on Learner Engagement
The rapid advancement of digital technologies has significantly transformed contemporary educational practice, contributing to the emergence of smart education as a learner-centred and technology-enhanced model of instruction. This article examines the effectiveness of smart assistants in language learning, with particular emphasis on the development of listening, speaking, and pronunciation skills. The study employed a quasi-experimental mixed-methods design and involved undergraduate students divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group completed language-learning activities supported by smart assistants (including guided speaking practice and pronunciation training), whereas the control group followed traditional instructional methods. Quantitative data were collected through pre- and post-tests, while qualitative data were obtained via questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. This design made it possible to compare not only measurable learning outcomes but also students’ attitudes, motivation, and affective factors associated with oral communication. The results indicated that students who used smart assistants demonstrated stronger gains in communicative skills than those taught traditionally. In addition, the use of smart assistants was associated with increased learning motivation, reduced speaking anxiety, and greater confidence in oral interaction. The study concludes that smart assistants can function as an effective supplementary tool in blended-learning contexts by supporting personalisation, flexibility, and accessibility. Although limitations remain, particularly in speech-recognition accuracy and the depth of context-sensitive feedback, these technologies offer substantial pedagogical potential and expand opportunities for modern language education. Keywords: smart education, smart assistants, language learning, digital technologies, speaking skills, blended learning.
Moral and Ethical Teachings in Qutb's Poem “Khosrow and Shirin”
Today, researching moral and ethical issues is crucial for understanding the role of moral values in society and strengthening them. Due to increasing globalization and cultural exchange, many countries are experiencing changes in their value systems, which calls for a reassessment of ethical principles based on mutual respect and responsibility. Moral and ethical norms are essential for maintaining social order, justice, and peace, which makes their in-depth study one of the pressing issues in modern society. Moral and ethical values in Turkic culture and literature have been formed since ancient times and passed down from generation to generation through folk wisdom, customs, and poetic works. These values are based on concepts such as justice, honesty, patience, kindness, and freedom. Significant works of Turkic literature that reflect moral principles glorify moral ideals through artistic images, didactic teachings, and heroic figures aimed at maintaining stability in society. The examination of Qutb's “Khosrow and Shirin” in this context is due to the poem's essential role in promoting spiritual values. This article explores the moral and ethical values in Qutb's poem “Khosrow and Shirin” and their role in Turkic culture. Qutb’s work, as a medieval example of Kazakh literature, is aimed at preserving and disseminating moral and ethical values. Through the poem's characters, qualities such as justice, honesty, kindness, love, and spiritual purity are revealed, and their significance in forming the higher stages of morality and culture is analyzed. The poem is also analyzed from a literary and philosophical perspective, highlighting the significance of moral and ethical principles that remain relevant in modern society. Keywords: culture, literature, values, morality, ethics, legacy.
Language As Fate: Murat Auezov’s Cultural-Philosophical Orientations In Conceptualizing Turkic Identity
This article offers a philological and cultural-philosophical analysis of the intellectual legacy of Murat Mukhtarovich Auezov, in which the central concept is the idea of “language as destiny.” Auezov regards language as the key factor in shaping Turkic identity, determining the nation’s spiritual trajectory and cultural survival. Of particular importance is his notion of “linguistic other-being,” describing the condition of a bilingual writer torn between the native and the “foreign” linguistic space. This phenomenon is examined in the article within the frameworks of translingualism and postcolonial criticism, highlighting its universal significance for post-Soviet cultural contexts. A philological reading of Hippocrene: Journeys to the Wells of Time and The Thread Linking Times reveals Auezov’s idiostyle: conceptual metaphors such as “path,” “thread,” and “spring” provide the philosophical framework of his texts; the blending of publicity and artistic discourse produces expressive resonance; and bilingual elements create a “double code” within the works. Special attention is given to the triad til – din – dil (“language – faith – spirit”), which functions as a matrix of Turkic identity. In addition, the author examines the interrelationship between linguistic and cultural categories in the works of Murat Auezov within the context of contemporary humanities. The article demonstrates that Auezov’s reflections extend beyond cultural commentary to acquire a profound philological dimension: language is interpreted as a source of poetics, a repository of national memory, and a medium of world-conceptualization. The novelty lies in a comprehensive interpretation of Auezov’s texts from the perspectives of modern philology, translingual studies, and postcolonial theory. The practical value of this work lies in its potential application to courses on the theory of language, the history of literature, and intercultural communication. Keywords: Murat Auezov; language as destiny; linguistic other-being; translingualism; philological analysis; Turkic identity; til – din – dil.
Transformation of the Official Style in Contemporary Kazakh Media Texts: A Linguistic Analysis of News Genres
The article is devoted to the analysis of changes in the official style in modern Kazakh media texts, in particular in the news genre. The study aims to identify the linguistic changes that occur in the structure and style of news texts under the influence of the processes of digitization and convergence of official and conversational discourses. The author considers the main features of the official style in the media text, for example, traces the trends of normativity, cliché, formality and their revision in the context of modern communication. In the Kazakh news discourse, special attention is paid to the appearance of speech elements, expressiveness, as well as anglicisms and internet slang. The official style was traditionally used to create strictly formalized texts (laws, regulations, official statements). However, in the modern media environment, it undergoes changes, becomes democratic, accessible to a wide audience, often combining elements of speech, emotionality and visual material. The topic is timely, given how quickly the forms and methods of communication in the field of media and information exchange change. In recent years, in the context of modern media, there has been a significant change in traditional speech styles, including formal ones, which quickly adapt to the requirements of perception and a wide audience. The conclusions of the article allow us to talk about the formation of a new hybrid style that combines formal and informal features that reflect the change in the socio-cultural role of the media in Kazakh society. The study used methods of descriptive, content analysis, comparative, discourse analysis. Keywords: transformation, media text, cliché, normativity, internet jargon.
The Charisma of Sherkhan Murtaza's Linguistic Personality
In this study, the charisma of Sherkhan Murtaza’s linguistic personality is conceptualised as a combination of linguistic, discursive, and pragmatic resources of speech. The aim is to identify the linguistic nature of linguistic-personality charisma from a discourse-based perspective. The analysis shows that, given the communicative potential of a linguistic personality and its capacity to influence the listener, charisma is not merely a psychological or socio-cultural category; rather, it has a systematic linguistic basis manifested in the choice of lexical and syntactic structures, pragmatic strategies, and discursive models. Therefore, the study has scholarly relevance for the development of linguistic personality theory, pragmalinguistics, discourse studies, and theories of speech influence. Its practical value lies in its applicability to courses in rhetoric and public speaking, stylistic and discourse analysis, media and political communication, and leadership practices. The methodological framework draws on Y.N. Karaulov’s theory of linguistic personality, V.I. Karasik’s concept of discursive personality, as well as pragmatic approaches to speech influence and the rhetorical model of Ethos – Pathos – Logos. Based on the analysis of Sherkhan Murtaza’s authorial discourse, typical linguistic markers of charisma are identified, pragmatic strategies of charismatic speech are described, the linguistic conditioning of charisma is substantiated, and a model of a charismatic linguistic personality is proposed. The study also examines how the traditionally psychological understanding of charisma is realised through linguistic mechanisms by treating linguistic-personality charisma as an object of linguistic analysis. The linguistic and pragmatic parameters formulated in the conclusions may serve as tools for assessing speech influence in applied research and can be used in developing educational and analytical materials on contemporary speech communication. Keywords: charisma, linguistic personality, discourse, linguistics, Sh. Murtaza.
The Transformation of Reality into Artistic Truth in Detective Stories
The article examines the works included in the collection Tauelsizdik Kyrandary by N. Samatuly and Ә. Shaimaghambetov, which brings together documentary-detective literary works dedicated to the selfless heroism of police officers in solving serious and especially serious crimes that caused wide public resonance in the Kyzylorda region in the 1990s and 2000s. In the stories “Kyzylorda – Shymkent – ‘Nabat’,” “The Shattyk Cave,” “The Tragedy of Four Girls,” “Kyzylorda Kidnapping,” “Six Strands of Hair in the Palm,” “A Crime Solved in Six Months,” and “Demons Hunting Taxis,” real-life truth is transformed into artistic reality. This is evidenced by the preservation of the real names of officers who served in rural, district, city, and regional divisions of the internal affairs bodies, the precise indication of the place and time of events, the disclosure of crimes that shocked the public in the 1990s, and the execution of court verdicts. It is demonstrated through concrete examples that the writers aim to analyze the causes of crimes, delve into their social underpinnings, and explore moral issues at a certain level. In the stories, evil is manifested not only in the violation of social laws, but also in the brutal and terrifying transgression of moral norms formed over centuries of human existence. In detective works, the reasons are revealed why moral, psychological, criminological, and socio-economic conflicts lead to great tragedy and the loss of human life. Issues of legal protection in the work of investigators are highlighted through the search for lost property belonging to private individuals. The writers’ mastery of psychological techniques is expressed in their penetration into the inner world of each character and in the disclosure of the cause-and-effect relationships of internal and external conflicts. Key words: prose, detective, plot, clues, investigator, mysterious crime, unexpected plot twist, denouement
The Linguistic Representation of Traditions and Customs in the Works of M. Auezov and W. Shakespeare: a Comparative Analysis
This article presents a comparative cultural-linguistic analysis of the representation of traditions and ritual discourse in Mukhtar Auezov’s epic novel The Path of Abai and selected plays by William Shakespeare (Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, The Merchant of Venice, and Twelfth Night). The study explores how ritual language functions as a mechanism for encoding national worldview, social hierarchy, and moral values within Kazakh and English literary traditions. Drawing on ethnolinguistic analysis, speech act theory, discourse-pragmatic methodology, and cultural linguistics, the research examines 45 textual fragments that illustrate ritualized speech acts such as blessings, oaths, lamentations, curses, wedding formulas, and honor-related expressions. The findings demonstrate that ritual language in both corpora operates as a performative system that regulates social relations and legitimizes authority. In Auezov’s narrative, ritual discourse is grounded in oral-poetic tradition, ethnographic terminology, and communal forms of speech, reflecting collective cultural consciousness. In Shakespeare’s works, ritual language is shaped by liturgical, legal, and rhetorical conventions of the Elizabethan era, emphasizing institutional authority and individual moral responsibility. Despite cultural differences, both authors employ ritual speech as a structural and semantic device that transforms personal experience into socially validated action. The study contributes to contemporary cultural linguistics by proposing a comparative pragmatic framework for analyzing ritual discourse across civilizations. It demonstrates that literary language serves not only as an artistic medium but also as a repository of collective memory and a carrier of cultural identity. Keywords: ritual discourse, ethnolinguistics, cultural linguistics, performativity, Auezov, Shakespeare, national worldview, speech acts.
Portrait as an Anthropological Object of Analysis (on the example of the works of O. Wilde and N. Gogol)
The article is devoted to the analysis of the portrait as an anthropological object in the literary works of O. Wilde and N. Gogol. In modern philological anthropology, the portrait genre is seen as a special medium of human representation, which focuses attention on human subjectivity. The author shows that the portrait in a literary text goes beyond the description of appearance, turning into a complex cultural and philosophical phenomenon. In Wilde's novel «The Picture of Dorian Gray», the portrait acts as a symbol of split personality, moral degradation and the crisis of Victorian aestheticism. In Gogol's story «The Portrait», the image becomes a carrier of demonic power, a source of temptation and spiritual fall of the hero, which reflects the Orthodox understanding of art and the moral responsibility of the artist. Comparative analysis reveals both differences in cultural and philosophical traditions and similarities in the interpretation of the portrait as a means of revealing human essence. The portrait is considered as a «text within a text», an «anthropological marker», which reflects the archetypes, fears and values of society, and also serves as a tool for studying the boundaries between external and internal, physical and spiritual. In this context, the anthropological approach becomes especially significant, as it makes it possible to consider the portrait not merely as an artistic detail, but as a form of modeling the human being within the system of culture. Through portrait imagery, the authors reveal not only the individual traits of the character, but also the deeper ideas of the epoch concerning the nature of personality, sin, beauty, the soul, and the purpose of human existence. Keywords: portrait, anthropology of literature, Oscar Wilde, Nikolai Gogol, “The Picture of Dorian Gray”, “The Portrait”, aestheticism, morality, symbolism.
The role of anaphora and epiphora in evoking emotional effect in heroic epics
This article provides a comprehensive account of the emotional and pragmatic functions of anaphora and epiphora in the poetic structure of Kazakh heroic epics. The study aims to determine the role of anaphora/epiphora in organizing epic pathos and rhythm, as well as in reader reception (emotional resonance, memorability, persuasion). Representative excerpts from epic texts were selected as material and subjected to poetic–stylistic analysis; methodologically, an open-ended survey was administered and respondents’ free-text answers were thematically coded. The findings demonstrate that anaphora, through line-initial repetition, intensifies the opening impulse and produces a “leadership voice” effect, while epiphora, via line-final formulas, consolidates the message and prolongs emotional impact. Repetition enhances textual cohesion, rhythm, and euphony, creating mnemonic salience: in the survey, lines with repetition were described as “unforgettable” and “turning into slogans.” Bringing together theoretical and empirical evidence shows that anaphora / epiphora serve as key instruments for activating national-cultural codes (spirit, unity, perseverance). The practical significance of the study lies in the systematic use of reception data in epic analysis; methodologically, it lays a foundation for future digital text analysis (positional–frequency analysis, automatic tagging based on rhythmic markers). Limitations include sample size and stratification parameters; future research should incorporate experimental designs and test the reception of repeated structures in translation through comparative assessment. Keywords: anaphora, epiphora, poetic repetition, heroic epics, emotional impact, rhythm and intonation, linguopragmatics.
Key Competencies of a Teacher of Russian Language and Literature as the Basis for Effective Teaching
The article is devoted to the study of professional competencies of teachers of Russian language and literature in modern educational standards. The study shows the relevance of the topic in terms of the challenges of the 21st century, including the rapid development of technology, rethinking teaching methods and the mandatory professional training of teachers who are able to combine traditional and innovative methods. The purpose of the study is to analyze the structure, content and significance of the teacher's key competencies, such as subject, methodological, communicative, information-digital and personal. The article analyzes their impact on the quality of education and upbringing of students, including the prospects for their formation and development in educational activities. Primary attention is paid to the multifunctional nature of pedagogical competencies, which include both professional knowledge and skills, as well as personal qualities. The article describes examples of the use of these competencies, including the adaptation of material for students with different degrees of education, the use of digital tools, providing opportunities for direct communication, as well as motivating students through an individual approach. The results of the study show that the professional competencies of a teacher of Russian language and literature are the most important means of successful pedagogical activity. The presented recommendations, table, and lesson examples can be used to design training and advanced training programs for teachers, as well as to integrate innovative techniques. Keywords: competence, Russian language and literature, key competencies, progressive learning, innovative methods.
Cognitive Structures of the Concept of the “Perfect Man” in Khoja Ahmed Yasawi’s Hikmets
The article offers a comprehensive analysis of the artistic and philosophical content of the concept of the “Perfect Man” in Khoja Ahmed Yasawi’s Hikmets. It argues that this concept originates in the works of Muslim thinkers such as Ibn Arabi, occupies a special place in Sufi doctrine, and has remained a significant theme in the spiritual space of Kazakh culture, particularly in the period preceding Abai. The concept of the “Perfect Man” in Yasawi’s Hikmets is examined as a form of spiritual and cognitive continuity rooted in the Sufi tradition and extended into its manifestations in modern literature. The study draws on R. Syzdykova’s work The Language of Yasawi’s Hikmets and the Tashkent manuscript version in order to identify the linguistic, worldview-related, and conceptual features of the text. The article compares the image of a person who has lost his true human essence with that of an individual who has attained spiritual perfection, revealing their significance and role in social life. Drawing on the views of various scholars, it analyzes the role of the Perfect Man as a figure who guides society along the path of truth, establishes justice and righteousness, condemns immoral habits, and promotes order and virtue. In addition, the study demonstrates the historical formation of the notion of perfection in Sufi teaching, its connection with the Turkic worldview, and its continuity within Kazakh spiritual culture. The results of the study may be used in teaching semantics-related disciplines in higher education, as well as in scholarly research devoted to Yasawi’s heritage, Sufi thought, and the concept of the Perfect Man. Key words: Yasawi, Hikmets, “Perfect Man”, concept, cognitive structure.
The National Character of Dramaturgical Terminology in A. Baitursynov’s Work “Әдебиет танытқыш” (“Introduction to Literary Studies”)
The article highlights A. Baitursynuly’s outstanding contribution to the formation of national terminology based on his literary heritage, with special emphasis on his work in creating drama-related terms within the Kazakh cultural and intellectual context. The study examines the ideas of the reformist scholar, one of the founders of Kazakh linguistics and Kazakh literary theory – regarding the development of national terms for drama, one of the three major literary modes (poetry, prose, drama) in Kazakh verbal art. As the first scholar to address the nature of the dramatic genre in Kazakh verbal art, Baitursynuly initiated the creation of terminology for drama, a genre which, due to its origin and historical development, has absorbed a considerable number of concepts of Greek provenance. He sought to bring such terms closer to the national worldview and to articulate them through Kazakh conceptual categories for the first time. In doing so, he laid important foundations for the theoretical meta-framework of drama, traditionally regarded as a complex and highly conventional genre. It is evident that today we have not yet fully presented and appreciated the extent of this contribution to Kazakh scholarship. Even a single work “Әдебиет танытқыш” contains multilayered knowledge that continues to invite further exploration. In particular, it would be difficult to claim that his arguments concerning dramaturgy and the terms he coined have been sufficiently examined and widely promoted. Therefore, the article provides a systematic analysis of Baitursynuly’s key concepts and terminological innovations related to dramaturgy as one of the oldest and most complex forms of literary art, and it assesses the enduring, viable principles articulated in his literary legacy. Keywords: national scholarship, verbal art, genre, dramaturgical terms, language of the literary work.
Linguocultural Paradigm of the Concept «Horse» in Kazakh and Chuvash Paremiology
This article comprehensively examines the linguocultural paradigm of the «horse» concept in Kazakh and Chuvash paremiology. The need to identify common and distinctive aspects in the concepts of horses of both nations increases the relevance of this work. This scientific article provides a comprehensive description of the linguocultural content of the «horse» concept based on Kazakh and Chuvash proverbs and sayings. A set of fixed phrases and proverbs in the Kazakh and Chuvash languages containing the lexeme « horse» was used as the research source; linguistic materials were selected based on various paremiological collections and explanatory dictionaries. For the first time in the work, a comprehensive comparative analysis of the «horse» concept in the paremiological fund of the two languages was conducted, and its cognitive model and national-cultural content were systematized. The results of the study show that both peoples value the horse through a broad and figurative symbolic system, perceiving it in connection with the concepts of wealth, heroism, and freedom. At the same time, in Kazakh paremiology, the image of the horse is based on a poetic-romantic character, and it is exalted through metaphors such as «the wing of the man», «the king of livestock». And in the artistic perception of the Chuvash people, it was deprived of its lofty essence and was depicted only in connection with domestic labor and subsistence. However, this is not considered a violation of the dignity of the horse breed. In any case, in the ancient beliefs of both peoples, the horse was revered as the «king of livestock» and the «wings of the man». We would say that the common features and differences in the concepts of horse culture are due to the uniqueness and differences in the traditions of the two peoples. The pragmatic significance of our research work lies in the fact that it can ultimately be used as an illustration in special courses from an ethnolinguistic and linguocultural perspective, as well as in intercultural communication and translation work. The research approaches and conclusions can serve as a basis for the comparative study of the concept of «horse» in the paremiology of Turkic peoples in the future. Keywords: horse concept, paremiology, linguocultural paradigm, comparative analysis, Kazakh and Chuvash proverbs and sayings.