Estimation in the semantic structure of the word

Abstract

The basic terms of linguistic nature of estimative meaning, its relationship with such subjective, «anthropocentric » categories, as emotiveness, expressiveness are considered in this article. The main items of estimative semantics nomination are adjectives. There are two types of semantic components in the meanings of adjectives: a denotative component that transmits a general logical meaning, enclosed in a word, and connotative component - its additional gradations, where such micro components as emotiveness, estimation and intensity are concentrated. The author identified 3 types of words in accordance with the nature of semantics estimation and its place in the semantic structure of the word and contextual dependence: lexical units with descriptive meaning (type D), with estimative meaning (type E), words with descriptive and estimative components in meaning (type DE), the last type is divided into two subtypes: with descriptive dominant component (subtype DE-1) and the estimative dominant component (subtype DE 2).