The newspaper «Kazakh» (1913-1918): spelling features and punctuation in the process of approbation the letter usul-sotie (tote zhazu)

Abstract

Language is the main means of communication and it tends to change constantly. Changes and innovations in the language are normalized by writing. Writing not only marks the sounds of a language, but is also a factor in determining the future of a language both in the past and in the present. The main goal of writing is to ensure the discreteness of the audible word and the uniform recognition of the word, even if it is repeated many times in different contexts using the alphabet. And a set of letters arranged in alphabetical order allows you to write all kinds of text, all kinds of human thoughts, even convey a complex thought. In the history of Kazakh culture, the reformed letter of A. Baitursunov «usul-jadid» (tote zhazu) was very important. Writing or the so-called tote jazhu played a significant role in enlightenment, in writing the first textbooks and teaching guide in the Kazakh language, in the development of literacy, as well as in the development of periodicals. The reformed alphabet of A. Baitursynov showed and introduced to the scientific community the entire Kazakh people, as well as the first bright minds of the Kazakh intelligentsia. With the help of the usul-jadid, the Kazakh intelligentsia under the leadership of A. Baitursunov, at the beginning of the 20th century, published a newspaper of national importance «Kazakh». In this regard, the article touches upon the issues of spelling, punctuation, problems of Kazakh writing in the early twentieth century. As well as the newspaper «Kazakh», is considered as the beginning of the systematization and codification of the literary language and journalistic style.