The problem of metaphor in cognitive linguistics

Abstract

This article is devoted to the problem of the study of metaphor in Cognitive Linguistics, the conceptual theory of metaphor. The article deals with the works of such research scientists as Earl McCormack, G.Lakoff and M.Johnson, as well as Raymond W.Gibbs Jr., Dedra Gentner, Brian Bowdle, Lynn Cameron, Gilles Fauconier, Michael J. Reddy, David Pantner and others. Definitions are given for two types of metaphors: orientational and ontological metaphors. The article also discusses such aspects as conceptual mapping or conceptual matching, there are three types of this mapping. The article also touches upon the levels of the metaphorical, cognitive process. The conceptual theory of metaphor is well represented in the books by G.Lakoff and M.Johnson «Metaphors we live by». The article also provides examples of conceptual metaphors. The main function of metaphor is its cognitive aspect, the function of obtaining new knowledge. Metaphor in the aspect of cognitive linguistics is considered through the prism of the conceptual theory of metaphor. Metaphorical thinking is inherent not only to modern man, but from time immemorial, metaphor has been skillfully used in the everyday habitual way of life of a person. Conceptual metaphor in the aspect of cognitive linguistics is one of the main cognitive operations, a way of thinking, understanding, cognition, perception and interpretation of the environment around us. This is the transition of experience, information, knowledge about one semantic area to another semantic area.