The nature of sacral meaning words.

Abstract

The article considers semantics of sacral meaning words, words used in superstitions, traditions established in national world view of the Kazakh people. The national and historical culture, the elite culture, historical collective mentality, world view, way of life, social economy, life experience, moral attitudes developed by a particular nation, ethics and aesthetics, spiritual values are manifested in the semantics of relevant sacral collective values. They are analyzed from the positions of the theory of cognitive linguistics and nomination. In the semantics of words reflecting objects and phenomena in the direct sense, due to complexity of the world view, there appear additional informational, symbolic shades of meaning in the figurative sense which are illustrated and argued by precise examples. For example, ethnophraseology about sacrifice provides information and symbolic sense in the semantic implication of the national spiritual world view which means that all hardships, difficulties will go away with the soul of slaughtered cattle. Many mountains have sacral semantics: Kazykurt, Bektau ata, Oysylkara, Ulytau, Khan Taniri, Aulie shoky, Koktobe, Santas. Also a huge tree Baiterek of Kazakh mythology has experienced transformation and its transformed forms asa, asatayak, bakan, shok terek have been discussed from the sacral semantics point of view. One of the types of the «Sacred tree» concept and one of the transformed forms of the space tree is bakan (bagana). Bakan is an example of space in everyday life, the main and sacred attribute of the nomad felted house. It is a symbol of the world tree and it is determined on the basis of cognitive information.